Pumping mechanism



Nov. l2, 1929. E. A. GALLlsoN 1,735,110

PUMPING MECHANISM Filed Jan. 6, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. l2, 1929. E, A. GALLlsoN 1,735,110

PUMPING MECHANISM Filed Jan. 6, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 1777* eus-17.4. 'a/Zlz'on/ 40 a QMM# Nov. l2, 1929. E. A. GALLlsoN 1,735,110

l 'PUMPING MECHANISM Patented Nov. 12, 1929 UNITED sTArss .PATENT OFFICE ERNEST A. GALLISON, OF WATERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AS- SIGNMENTSLTO TECHNICOLOR IVIOTON PICTURE CORPORATION, OF BOSTON, MASSA.-

CHUS'LTTS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE PUMPING MECHANISM Application filed January 6, 1925. Serial No. 922.

This invention relates to pumps of the type having reciprocating pistons but more especially to pumps for delivering a minute quantity of liquid in an uninterrupted stream.

Objects of the invention are to provide a pump adapted to operate synchronously with a machine with which itis associated to ldeliver to the machine a minute quantity of liquid in an uninterrupted stream; and generally to provide an yeilicient pump of the above type having novel features of construction and operation hereinafter pointed out.

A pump of this character is especially useful with cinematographic apparatus where it is desired to cement two cinematographic strips together in order to produce a composite iilm. Cement must necessarily be de livered in minute quantities between the strips in order to obtain the requisite product, and inasmuch as the distribution must be uniform, the pump must operate synchronously with the film feeding apparatus. In this manner a proper amount of cement is delivered to the' strips in accordance with the speed of operation. Of course, numerous other uses of a pump of the above character will be apparent from the following description. s

In one aspect the invention comprises a pair of cylinders in which pistons are driven in opposite directions to draw fluid into the cylinders and force it therefrom into an outlet duct in a continuous uninterrupted stream. Automatic means are provided for instantaneously reversing the direction yof move ment of the pistons when they have completed their strokes so that there is substantially no variation in pressure.

rlhe invention is shown by way of illustration in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the pump;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the pump turned at right angles to Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the pump;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of the pump with the cover removed;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional View on the line 6 6 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentaryy elevation partly in vertical section showing the valve arrangement;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary vertical section through one of the pump cylinders;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary elevation in vertical section showing the operation of the rock arm; and

Fig. 10 is a top plan view partly in section of one of the piston rods. l

The embodiment of the invention shown on the drawings comprises generally a pair of cylinders having pistons A and B which are reciprocable but not rotatable therein. The

pistons A and B are positively driven by mechanism C which comprises a train of gearing connected continuously to move the pistons in opposite directions in the cylinders. The mechanism C is operated by any suitable source of power connected to the wheel 28. When one of the pistons A and B has completed its in-stroke clutch mechanism D automatically reverses the direction of movement of the pistons so that the fluid stream forced from the pump is maintained uninterrupted throughout the operation thereof.

Referring more particularly to the drawings a pair of cylinder blocks 2 and 3 are connected to a supporting base 1 by screws 4. Cylinders 5 and 6 are mounted in an upright position in the blocks 2 and 3 and are secured thereto in any suitable manner as by soldering. An upright 7 having a strengthening web 8 is secured to the supporting base l by screws 9, and a housing 10 is suitably mounted on the upright 7. Hollow bosses 11 and 12 on the housing 10 are suitably secured to the upper end of the cylinders 5 and 6 respectively and provide a closure for the upper ends thereof. A cover plate 13 is connected to the housing 10 and upright 7 by screws 14 and prevents the access of dirt and grit to the pump actuating mechanism.

A pair of pistons A and B are adapted to reciprocate within the cylinders 5 and 6 respectively,' and each piston comprises an exteriorly screw-threaded piston rod 15 having an annular collar 16 and an extension 17 which is threaded to receive a castellated nut 18 locked thereto by a pin 19. A rubber packing 20 surrounds the piston rod eXtension 17 between the nut 13 and collar 16 and annular grooves 21 are formed in the exterior surface of the packing 20 to prevent leakage of fluid past the piston. A. cup leather packing 22 surrounds the collar 16 and the outer edge 23 of the rubber packing 2O is tapered so that upon downward movement of the piston the packing 20 creates a fluid tight connection with the internal walls of the cylinder and upon upward movement the packing 22 functions to provide a similar connection.

The pistons A and B are positively actuated in opposite directions in their respective cylinders, so that while one piston is drawing fluid into its cylinder the other piston is forcing the fluid already drawn in therefrom into a suitable outlet duct. The actuat-ing means for the pistons comprises a rotary drive shaft 24 which is supported in bearing brackets 25 and 23 in the housing 10. The drive shaft 24 is rotated by a wheel 28 suitably secured thereto which may be driven from any suitable source of power. For taking up wear a bushing 30 may be interposed between the wheel 23 and housing 10.

The drive shaft 24 is adapted to be operatively connected to bevel gears 31 and 32 as hereinafter described and the gears 31 and 32 are connected to the pistons i and B in such a manner that when one gear is being driven'from the drive shaft the pistons are driven in opposite directions, and when the other gear is driven the direction of movement of both pistons is automatically reversed. The bevel gears 31 and 32 are provided with bushings 33 and 34 respectively rotatable on the drive shaft and are provided with clutch teeth 35 and 36 on opposed faces thereof to mesh with a suit-able driving clutch. The end thrust of the gears is transmitted to the bearing brackets 25 and 26 against which the hubs 3S and 39 of the gears bear.

Power is transmitted by one or the other of the gears 31 and 32 to a bevel gear 4 meshing at all times with-both of the gears. The gear is suitably fixed to a worm shaft- 41 supported in bearing brackets 42 and 43 secured by screws to the housing 10. A worm 45 on the worm shaft 41 meshes with worm wheels 46 and 47 which are internally threaded to engage respectively the piston rods 15 of the pistons A and B. lt will be understood that rotation of the wormk 45 causes rotation in opposite directions of the wheels 46 and 47 and the direction of rotation of the worin 45 is controlled by the gears 31 and 32. `When the gear 3l is driven, the gear 32 rotates freely about the drive shaft 24 in the opposite direction and vice versa. The piston rods 15 are movable vertically within their respective cylinders but are prevented from rotating by keys 53 extending into grooves 52 in the piston rod's. The keys 53 are suitably secured to the cover 13 by screws (F ig. 10). Movement of the pistons A and B is caused by the wheels 46 and 47 rotatable in annular bosses 49 and 50 in the housing 19 and cover 137 respectively, which screw the piston rods in opposite directions in the cylinders.

Means are provided to reverse the direction of rotation of the bevel gear 40 when the pistons il and B have completed their stroke so that a continuous stream is forced from the pump. rl`his is accomplished by means of a clutch collar 58 connected to rotate with the drive shaft 24 by a key 59 which entends into a groove 59 in the collar to permit lengthwise movement thereof on the shaft The clutch collar 53 is provided with teeth GO in opposed faces thereof to mesh with the clutch teeth 35 or 36 on the bevel gears 31 and 32 respectively.

Bv shifting the clutch collar 58 from one gear to the other it will be understood that the gear 40 will be rotated in one direction or the other and thereby control the direction of movement of the pistons A. and B through the connections described. A yoke 61 is provided for shifting the clutch 58, and rollers G2 on the yoke bear in an annular groove 64 on the clutch. The yoke 61 is connected to a rock shaft by means of a pin 66 which is driven into the yoke and shaft through a hole 67 in the cover 13 after the cover has been secured in place. The rock shaft (35 is supported by the cover and a rock arm 69 is suitably connected at its center to the rock shaft. rllhe opposite ends of the rock arm G9 are forked and straddle the piston rods 15.

T he rock arm 59 is automatically rocked by one piston and then by the other in such a manner hat when one piston has completed its irl-stroke the arm 69 is instantaneously moved downwardly to shift the clutch collar 58 from one bevel gear to another and thereby reverse the direction of movement of the pistons as above described. Movement of the rock ,rm 59 is caused by coil springs 72 which surround the piston rod and are seated in ges 73 on sleeves 74. The coil springs 7 2 are compressed by collars secured to the outer end of the piston rods 15 by pins 717 but in order to prevent the arms 69 from being rocked before the pistons have completed their stroke bell'crank trip levers are provided which hold one of the arms from movement until the proper time when they are released.

rlhe bell crank trip levers are pivoted to brackets 75 and 7G formed on the cover 13 and comprise a long arm 77 having a hook 79 to the end of the rock arm G9, a trip arm 7 3 which is adapted to be tripped by the pin 71 on the piston rodand a stop arm 80 adapted to be normally held against a pin 85 by a spring 81 secured to the cover 13 and bearing against the long arm 77.

At the time when the pin 71 bears against the arm 78 to release the hook 79 from the rock arm 69, the coil spring 72 is sufficiently compressed to instantaneously rock the arm and hold it until the opposite end is engaged by the opposite hook 79.

Liquid is drawn into the cylinders A and B on the rip-stroke of the lpistons and forced therefrom on the down-stroke and suitable valve mechanism is provided for controlling the inlet and outlet ducts. In this embodiment a common inlet duct 8G is employed for both cylinders leading from a suitable source of supply. A similar inlet and outlet valve arrangement is provided for each cylinder and description of the valve arrangement for one cylinder is deemed sufficient. The inlet valve arrangement for the cylinder 5 comprises an r,inlet valve cage 87 connected to a branch 88 of a common inlet duct 86 by a collar 89, and a collar 91 threaded onto the upper end of the cage 87 extending into a ring 92 integral with the cylinder block 2. An inlet valve 94 in the cage 87 is in the form of a frustro-conieal cup having a wave-like outer portion 95 to enable liquid to flow around the valve when moved against the packing washer 93, through a port 96 in the cylinder block 2 and into the cylinder 5.

The outlet valve for the cylinders permits fluid to be forced from the cylinders into a common outlet duct 103 on theoutstrolre of the pistons and at the same time the inlet valves are closed to prevent fluid from being forced into the common inlet duct 80. The outlet valve arrangement for the cylinder' 5 comprises a cage 97 which ts into the ring 92 and an outlet valve 98 similarly constructed to the inlet valve 94 is adapted to seat downwardly in the cage against a ltapered seat and be forced upwardly by the fluid from the cylinder 5 to permit the passage of fluid around the top thereof, into a common outlet duct 103 through a branch 100. The Outlet valve cage is connected to the branch 100 by a collar 101 and the common outlet duct 103 communicates with a filter 107 by means of a connecting duct 114 suitably connected to the duct 103.

The filter 107 is disposed beneath the supporting base 1 and comprises a closely wound spiral of cloth within a cylindrical casing 108, the opposite ends of the filter being closed by a flat wire screen 109 at the inlet end and a concave wire screen 110 at the outlet end. The inlet end of the filter casing 108 is suitably secured to a plate 111 connected to the base 1 by screws and the connecting duct 114 is connected to the plate 111. The fluid is thoroughly ltered as it passes through the filter 107 and may be conducted wherever dethat there may be no flooding of the apparatus, but also that there must be no possible l failure of the supply even momentarily, as a failure of fluid would result in leaving portions of the film uncemented with a likelihood of objectionable blurring and other difiicul- 4 ties. The very positive character of the pumping operation accordingly is highly advantageous, since any obstruction to the flow will be immediately expelled or dislodged. The eXtreme speed reduction enk ables the development of an extremely high pressure if the discharge is even momentarily interrupted and as the liquidis substantially incompressible the building up of the pressure to a degree sufficient to forcibly expel any obstruction will take place substantially instantaneously. Further, as soon as the difficulty is overcome, the pressure immediately returns to normal and the proper rate of fluid supply is resumed. It will therefore be evident that inthe illustrative embodiment disclosed herein there'is provided a mechanism eminently suited rto the use for which it is particularly intended. lt isrto be understood, however, that modifig cations of the structure shown and described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention as expressed in the following claims.

I claim: y

1. In a pump actuating mechanism reciprocating members, moving at a substantially constant longitudinal velocity, driving gears, rotating at a substantially constant speed, a worm connectedto be driven respectively by said gears, connections between said worms and reciprocating members for recip-y rocating the latter in opposite directions, and a driven rclutch between said driving gears adapted alternatively to drive one or another of said gears, and controlled alternately by said members instantaneously to reverse the movement of said reciprocating members at the ends of their strokes. y 2. In a pump actuating mechanism, reciprocating members, a drive shaft continuously rotating in the same direction, driving inembers on the shaft, a gear connected to be rotated respectively by said driving members, connections between said gear and reciprocating members for reciprocating the latter in opposite directions, a clutch between said driving members rotatable with said shaft and arranged alternatively to engage one or another of said driving members and means actuated by both reciprocating members adapted to control the position of said clutch and to instantaneously reverse the movement of the reciprocating members the ends of their strokes, the whole so constructed and arranged that each reciprocating member has a translatory movement in a direction opposite to the translatory movementof the other reciprocating member, said translatory movements being at all times directly proportional to the speed of the drive shaft.

3.4In a pump actuating mechanism, reciprocating members having elongate screwthreaded portions, driving gears, gearing meshing with the driving gears, a worm rotated by said gearing, worm wheels comprising screw-threaded portions engaging the screw-threaded portions of the reciprocating members, the worm wheels meshing with the worm, and a rotatable clutch adapted alternativelyT to engage one or another of said driving gears to instantaneously reverse the movement of said reciprocating members the end of their strokes, whereby the reciprocating members have a translatory movement at all times directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the driving gears.

4. In a machine for transmitting power reciprocating members interconnected to move in opposite directions, driving members varranged to be rotated continuously in opposite directions, gearing arranged to be driven respectively by said driving members and connected to reciprocate positively said reciprocating members, and clutch means controlledy alternately by said reciprocating members arranged alternatively to engage said driving members instantaneously to reverse the movement of said reciprocating members at the end of their strokes, whereby the reciprocating members have a translatory movement at all times directly proportional to the speed of rotations of the driving members. Y

5. In a machine for transmitting power, reciprocating members interconnected to move in opposite directions, driving members rotatable in opposite directions, a member arranged to be driven respectively by said driving members and connected to actuate said reciprocating members, driving means arranged alternatively to engage said drl g members, thereby to reverse the movement of said reciprocating members at the end of their' strokes and means operated by the reciprocating members for instantaneously and positively moving said driving means into engagement with one or another of said driving members.

6. ln a machine for transmitting power, reciprocating members interconnected to move in opposite directions, driving i iembers rotatable in opposite directions, a member arranged to be driven respectively by said driving members and connected to actuate said reciprocating cmembers, driving means aring members for instantaneously and posi,

tively moving sarl driving means into engagement with one or another of said driving members and positively locking the driving means in one position until t ie next reversal.

7. ln a. machine for transmitting power,

reciprocating members movable in opposite directions, rotatable driving members connected to actuate said reciprocating members, a driving clutch arrangedv alternately to engage one or another of said members, means for holding said clutch in engagement with one driving member until the reciprocating members have completed their strokes, and means on the reciprocating members instantaneously to shift the clutch to reverse the movement of the reciprocating members at the ends of their strokes.

8. ln a machine for transmitting power, reciprocating members, driving members rotatable in opposite directions, connections between said driving members and said reciprocating` members arranged to be driven by said driving members respectively, a driving clutch between said driving members arranged alternatively to engage said driving members, means for holding said clutch in engagement with a driving member, means on said reciprocating members to release said holding means at the end of the forward strokes, and spring means carried by said reciprocating members arranged to bear against said holding means instantaneously to shift said clutch from one driving member to another when said holding means is released.

9. ln a machine for transmitting power, reciprocating members movable in opposite directions and having screw-threaded rods thereon, a worm wheel including an integral nut portion threaded on each of said rods, a shaft having a gear thereon, a worm mounted on said sha t and engaging both worm wheels, driving gears mounted loosely on a drive shaft and engaging the gear on t ie worm shaft, a clutch mounted to slide on anc` rotate with the drive shaft and engage one or the other of the driving gears, and means to instantaneously shift the clutch at the end of the strokes of the reciprocating members, whereby the ratio of the trai rslatory velocity of the reciprocating members to the speed of rotation of the drive shaft is at all times constant.

10. ln a machine for transmitting power, reciprocating members movable in opposite directions and having screw-threaded rods tnereon, a worm wheel including an integral nutthreaded on each of said rods, a shaft having a gear thereon, worm mou ted on said shaft engaging both worm wheels, driving gears mounted loosely on a drive shaft and engaging the gear on the worm shaft, a clutch mounted to slide on and rotate with the drive shaft and engage one or the other of the driving gears, and means instantaneously to shift the clutch operated by the re ciprocating members, so arranged that the clutch is held against one driving gear until the reciprocating members reach the end of their strokes, and then released and forced into contact with the other driving gear.

l1. In a machine for transmitting power, reciprocating members movable in opposite directions and having screw-threaded rods thereon, a worm wheel including ank integral nut portion threaded on each of said rods, a shaft having a gear thereon, a worm engaging both worm Wheels, driving gears mounted loosely on a drive shaft and engaging the gear on the worm shaft, a clutch mounted to slide on and rotate with the drive shaft and engage one or the other of the driving gears, means for holding said clutch in engagement with a driving gear, means on the reciprocating members to release said holding means at the end of the forward strokes, and spring means carried by the reciprocating members arranged to bear against said holding means instantaneously to shift said'clutch from one driving member to another when said holding means is released.

l2. In a machine for transmitting power, reciprocating members movable in opposite directions and having screw-threaded rods thereon, a Worm wheel including an integral nut portion threaded on each of said rods, a shaft having a gear thereon, a worm engag ing both worm wheels, driving gears mounted loosely on a drive shaft and engaging the gear on the worm shaft,'a clutch mounted to slide on and rotate with the drive shaft and engage one or the other of the driving gears, means in the form of a three armed bell crank lever, one arm having a yoke member embracing the clutch for shifting it, yokes at the ends of the other two arms of the bell crank lever substantially surrounding the rods of the reciprocating members, spring means carried by the reciprocating members adapted to bear on said surrounding yokes as the reciprocating members near the forward end of their stroke, holding means locking the bell crank lever and thereby the clutch in one position until released by a part of the reciprocating members at the end of the stroke, whereby at the end of the stroke, the holding means are released, and the bell crank lever actuated by said spring means to instantaneously shift the clutch and reverse the direction of motion of both reciprocating members.

Signed by me at Boston, Mass., this 11th day of November, 1924.

ERNEST A. GALLISON. 

